Copyright 2008
Ashley Davidoff MD
The images of the gallbladder shown below are peppered throughout the text. Images are used exetnsively and purposefully for we believe that images speak a thousand words and sometimes more. They are used to explain the text, or concepts, and sometimes for the mere beauty of form and color. The following display, though extensive only includes those selected for their aesthetic intent.
The Gallbladder – Full Bodied with its Gracile Ductal System |
| 04766b04.800 gallbladder bile duct cystic duct common hepatic duct common bile duct normal anatomy applied biology TCV Davidoff art Davidoff MD |
Gallbladder in Blue |
| 17082b06b01.8s gallbladder still life pear in blue MRI T1 weighted distended gallbladder choledocholithiaisis Courtesy Ashley Davidoff MD copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder in Red |
| 17082b06b01.8s gallbladder still life pear in blue MRI T1 weighted distended gallbladder choledocholithiaisis Courtesy Ashley Davidoff MD copyright 2008 |
Obstructive Jaundice – In the Wrong Place at the Wrong Time |
| 17082b04.8s gallbladder distended enlarged dilated cystic duct stone choledocholithiasis obstruction obstructed MRI T2 weighted Courtesy Ashley DAvidoff MD copyright |
Valves of Heister and the Archimedes Waterscrew |
| 82656b20.8s gallbladder Archimedes water screw cystic duct gravity upright spiral valves of Heister filling ampulla of VAter closed neck body fundus distended sympathetic bile duct Davidoff art Copyright 2008 |
Valves of Heister and the Archimedes Waterscrew |
| 82656b23.8s gallbladder Archimedes water screw cystic duct gravity upright spiral valves of Heister filling ampulla of VAter closed neck body fundus distended sympathetic bile duct Davidoff art Copyright 2008 |
Valves of Heister and the Archimedes Waterscrew |
| 82656b15.8s gallbladder Archimedes water screw cystic duct gravity upright spiral valves of Heister filling ampulla of VAter closed neck body fundus distended sympathetic bile duct Davidoff art Copyright 2008 |
Blood Supply |
| 78240b8b01gs gastroduodenal artery stent placement hepatic artery proper right hepatic artery cystic artery blood supply gallbladder anatomy angiogram angiography Davidoff ART Copyright 2008 |
Structures of the Biliary System |
| 04766b05b02.8s gallbladder cystic duct right hepatic duct left hepatic duct common hepatic duct common bile duct pancreatic duct ampulla sphincter of Oddi normal anatomy Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gracile and Graceful Shapes of the Biliary System Gallbladder Open
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| 04766b05b04.3k.8s gallbladder cystic duct right hepatic duct left hepatic duct common hepatic duct common bile duct pancreatic duct ampulla sphincter of Oddi normal anatomy Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder Closed Parts of the Gallbladder |
| 04766b05b10.2k.8s gallbladder parts fundus = dark green body = green neck = light green normal anatomy Davidoff Art Copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder at Sunrise |
| 24761b01.204.8S gallbladder night dark dusk sunset Degas sleeping Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder on a Summer Morning |
| 24761b01.205.8S gallbladder morning spring summer Degas sleeping Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Putting the Gallbladder to Bed Peritoneal Covering |
| 04766b05b04.52k.8s gallbladder support protection peritoneum bare area gallbladder fossa normal anatomy gastrohepatic ligament peritoneum serosal surface adventitial surface Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Red Hot Gallbladder! |
| 24761b01.99.8s gallbladder inflammation red cholecystitis acalculous calculous hemorrhagic rubor hyperemia dolor calor Davidoff art Courtesy Ashley Davidoff MD copyright 2008 |
The Pear Classical Gallbladder Shape |
| 85370pb01.8s pear fruit food gallbladder shape Davidoff photography Davidoff art Copyright 2008 |
Tear Drop Shape of the Gallbladder |
| 02504pb03 water droplets window glass teardrop shape Davidoff photography water |
Phrygian Cap |
| 11921.8b05b014b01.8s gallbladder shape normal anatomy phrygian cap Davidoff art Copyright 2008 |
Fold in the Fundus Phrygian in Green |
| 04487.84s.8s gallbladder fundus fundal fold fold normal variant anatomy shape cystic duct phrygian cap Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Phrygians of Northern and Central Asia Minor 1000-2000BC |
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The phrygian cap is a common normal variant of gallbladder shape characterized a fundus that is folded forward. It was first described by Bartel in 1916. The Phrygians were a primitive race that migrated into northern and central Asia Minor in the second millenium BC. The Greeks knew of the cap as an Oriental headgear that was tight fitting and conical in shape and it has been depicted in their art. (Ober WB Wharton RN On the “phrygian cap.” 255:571-572 New England Journal of Medicine 1956 The cap was a symbol of freedom and the pursuit of liberty.The cap was worn by King Midas who was cursed with donkey ears by Apollo. He used the Phrygian cap to hide his ears. It was subsequently worn by the Trojan hero Paris, was a symbol of freedom in the French and American revolutions, was depicted on coinage in the US and on variety of seals and flags throughout the world. 82407b14.8s gallbladder Phrygian cap freedom liberty shape symbol Davidoff art Copyright 2008
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Choledocholithiasis, Obstructive Jaundice When Green is Held Up – Yellow Ensues |
| 17083c02.3kb04.8s 82 female presents with obstructive jaundice sepsis gallbladder duct enlarged distended distension dilated dilatation choledocholithiasis stone obstruction obstructive jaundice MRI T2 weighted Courtesy Ashley Davidoff MD Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Choledocholithiasis, High Fever, Sepsis When Green Gets Held Up for Too Long Red Ensues |
| 17083c02.3kb03.8s01 82 female presents with obstructive jaundice sepsis gallbladder duct enlarged distended distension dilated dilatation choledocholithiasis stone obstruction obstructive jaundice MRI T2 weighted Courtesy Ashley Davidoff MD Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Zuchini (Italian) Gallbladder |
| 76764c.81s elderly female gallbladder elongated sausage shape zuchini shape transverse dimension 4.5 cms longitudinal dimension 12.5cms aging gallbladder vs enlarged? food in the body CTscan Courtesy Ashley DAvidoff MD Davidoff art Davidoff photography copyright 2008 |
Character of Bile
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Yellow/Green Color of Bile |
| 04766b05b04.32k.8s gallbladder cystic duct right hepatic duct left hepatic duct common hepatic duct common bile duct pancreatic duct ampulla sphincter of Oddi normal anatomy Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Golden Orange A Little More Concentrated |
| 04766b05b04.31k.8s gallbladder cystic duct right hepatic duct left hepatic duct common hepatic duct common bile duct pancreatic duct ampulla sphincter of Oddi normal anatomy Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Stone Imapacted in the Cystic Duct |
| 04766b05b04b.35k.8s gallbladder cystic duct stone impacted obstruction enlarged gallbladder acute calculous cholecystitis Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Stone Imapacted in the Cystic Duct Subtle Inflammation in the Wall |
| 04766b05b04b.36k.8s gallbladder cystic duct stone impacted obstruction enlarged gallbladder acute calculous cholecystitis Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Fiery Flamenco Dance Abstract View of the Gallbladder |
| 82595.8s gallbladder bile duct inflammation flamenco dance fiery fire acute calculous cholecystitis Courtesy Ashley Davidoff MD copyright 2008 |
Galen’s Concept of the Organs and their Faculties |
| Heat plays a central role part in the theory of Galen. The three ‘faculties’ of the body are the nutritive, vital and logical faculties. The nutritive faculty is related to the stomach which “cooks” the food and converts it into chyle. The chyle is transported to the liver by the portal vein. In the liver further heat converts the food into blood and adds natural spirit. Some of the blood is transported via the veins to the heart where more heat is added to create vital spirit. The blood becomes thinner is distributed to the body by the arteries giving warmth and enables growth. The vital spirit is measured through the pulse. The brain adds psychic pneuma, which provides the rational and logical faculty in the form of thought will and choice. These are distributed to the body via the nerves. The logical faculty reigns supreme and is followed in orderof importance by the vital and nutrtive faculties. The transport systems of the body include the nerves which transmit the logical faculty, the arteries which transport the vital spirit, and the veins which transport the blood with nutritive faculty from the liver. Galen faculties of the body nutrition portal vein stomach liver vein heart vital faculty pneuma lungs brain logical faculty animal spirits
Davidoff art Copyright 2008 13169c18b01.8s |
Witchdoctor – Sangoma Giver and Receiver of Life Gallbladders in Headress |
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The Zulu witchdoctors (Sangomas) of South Africa have a special repect for the gallbladder which they believe has special powers. It has the the same shape as the uterus and they have both been interpreted as givers and receivers of life. The sangoma wears a headress that contains the dried gallbladders of goats. This image is dedicated to the Sangomas of South Africa, country of my birth. The whole image has been recreated by repetitive use of a gallbladder mount as seen below. 00139c25.8s gallbladder histology normal gallbladder fossa free wall peritoneal lining whole mount mucosa histology shape face of the gallbladder mask sangoma witchdoctor gallbladders in the headress Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Evolution of the Sangoma from Histological Whole Mount to the the Witchdoctor Giver and Receiver of Life |
| The evolution of the Sangoma from the whole mount top right to an accumulation of the whole mount, to the face of the Sangoma, to the Sangoma with headress and gallbladders in her hair
00139c20b.8s gallbladder histology normal gallbladder fossa free wall peritoneal lining whole mount mucosa histology shape face of the gallbladder mask sangoma witchdoctor Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Face of a Sangoma in Training |
| 00139c15.9s gallbladder histology normal gallbladder fossa free wall peritoneal lining whole mount mucosa histology shape face of the gallbladder mask Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder and Lime |
| 04699b13.1k gallbladder cystic duct hyperemic mucosa hyperplastic mucosa hyperplastic cholecystosis hyperplastic cholecystoses cholesterolosis adenomyomatosis Aschoff Rokitansky sinuses Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Liver with Jello Consistency |
| 24719 liver gallbladder + fx normal + anatomy + drawing |
Gallbladder Flower |
| 11906e03.8s gallbladder histology mucosa normal Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Evolution of the Gallbladder Flower From Histological Mount to Flower |
| gallbladder histology mucosa normal Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Acute Cholecystitis Clogged Drain |
| 04766b08.8s gallbladder stones cholelithiasis acute cholecystitis distended enlarged bile ducts Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder Stones Green Pepper, Bananas and Seeds |
| 00404b01.800 gallbladder gallstones cystic duct cholelithiasis greenpepper banana Davidoff Art Davidoff MD |
Cholelithiais Environmental Effects |
| 00404 W 2 gallbladder stones bananas greenpepper seeds cholelithiasis cystic duct art Courtesy Ashley Davidoff MD Davidoff art |
Mardi Gras Liver and Connections Gallbladder Dressed in Pink |
| 42646b03 liver histology gallbladder bile duct normal anatomy histology Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Strawberry Gallbladder |
| 04761.800 gallbladder strawberry gallbladder greenpepper yellow cholesterolosis hyperplastic cholecystoses cholecytosis Davidoff Art |
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Endoderm of the Foregut The Beginning of the Biliary System |
| In the 4th week of gestation, the primitive endoderm gives rise to a foregut diverticulum called the hepatic diveticulum at the junction of the of the foregut and midgut. The hepatic diverticulum is the precursor for the liver bile ducts and gallbladder. hepatic diverticulum pars hepatica and pars cystica.
liver bile ducts pars cystica gallbladder and cystic duct. endodermal bud solid cord growth and resorbtion gallbladder embryology normal Davidoff art copyright 2008 82219b01.8s |
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Embryology of the Liver Bile Ducts, Gallbladder and Pancreas The Beginning of the Biliary System in Color |
| In the 4th week of gestation, the primitive endoderm gives rise to a foregut diverticulum called the hepatic diveticulum at the junction of the of the foregut and midgut. The hepatic diverticulum is the precursor for the liver bile ducts and gallbladder. hepatic diverticulum pars hepatica and pars cystica.
liver bile ducts pars cystica gallbladder and cystic duct. endodermal bud solid cord growth and resorbtion gallbladder embryology normal Davidoff art copyright 2008 82219b08.8s |
Undersurface of the Liver Gallbladder is the Middle of it All |
| 82220b01.2k02.8s liver gallbladder porta hepatis hepatic artery portal vein IVC inferior vena cava falciform ligament ligamentum teres bare area of the liver left lobe segment IV segment I caudate lobe quadrate lobe gastrohepatic ligament right lobe hepatic Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Histopathology of a Gallstone in Blue |
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This is a medium –power photomicrograph of a tiny gallstone which was present in a gallbladder and was included in the microscopic section of that gallbladder. The yellow color is the natural color of the stone, and there appears to be some linear or crystalline structure. Only the gallstone is present in the picture, no gallbladder tissue can be seen. gallbladder dx cholelithiasis histology histopathology Courtesy Barbara Banner MD 11921.8b05bs |
Minerals of a Gallstone – Artistic Rendition |
| 11921.8b05b04.8s gallstones cholelithiasis stone Davidoff Art copyright 2008 |
Large Cholesterol Stone Forming in Bile |
| 11921.8b05b09.8s large gallstone cholesterol gallbladder cholelithiasis stone Davidoff Art copyright 2008 |
Strawberry Gallbladder |
| 04776b02 gallbladder strawberry gallbladder greenpepper yellow cholesterolosis hyperplastic cholecystoses cholecytosis Davidoff Art Davidoff |
Out of Shape |
| 00139c06.8s gallbladder histology normal gallbladder fossa free wall peritoneal lining whole mount mucosa histology shape Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Small Pigmented Stones Lying Dependantly in the Gallbladder 3 Drops in the Depths of the Bile Ocean |
| 11921.8b05b018.8s gallbladder cystic duct gallstones cholelithiasis Davidoff Art copyright 2008 |
Stone Impacted in the Cystic Duct Causing Obstruction This Little Stone Ventured to Market and Two Little Stones Stayed Home One Little Stone Got Trapped… |
| 11921.8b05b019.8s gallbladder cystic duct gallstones cholelithiasis stone impacted in the cystic duct distended enlarged Davidoff Art copyright 2008 |
Inflammation of the Gallbladder Wall One Little Stone Got Trapped…And Nobody Lived Happily Forever After. |
| 11921.8b05b020.8s gallbladder cystic duct gallstones cholelithiasis stone impacted in the cystic duct distended enlarged hyperemic wall acute cholecytitis Davidoff Art copyright 2008 |
Complex Fluid in the Gallbladder Fossa And The Situation Got Worse… |
| 11921.8b05b031.8s gallbladder cystic duct gallstones cholelithiasis stone impacted in the cystic duct distended enlarged hyperemic wall complex fluid in the gallbladder fossa tumefactive bile cholestasis sludge acute cholecytitis Davidoff Art copyright 2008 |
Cholecystitis Complicated by Abscess Formation in the Gallbladder Fossa …and Worse… |
| 11921.8b05b037.8s gallbladder cystic duct gallstones cholelithiasis stone impacted in the cystic duct distended enlarged hyperemic wall complex fluid in the gallbladder fossa tumefactive bile cholestasis sludge acute cholecytitis abscess formation Davidoff Art copyright 2008 |
Thin Sludge No Stimulation and No Excercise .. The Plot Thickens.. |
| 11921.8b05b039.8s gallbladder distended enlarged dilated fluid fluid level gravity specific gravity sediment sludge cholestasis stasis Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Tumefactive Bile …..and Thickens and The Story Becomes Bleeker and Blacker |
| 11921.8b05b043..8sb01 gallbladder distended tumefactive bile crank case oil thick sludge enlarged dilated fluid fluid level gravity specific gravity sediment sludge black cholestasis stasis Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Acalculous Cholecystitis Crankcase Oil …And Bleeker and Blacker Adding a Hint of Red and Fire |
| 11921.8b05b043.8s gallbladder distended tumefactive bile thick sludge enlarged dilated fluid fluid level gravity specific gravity sediment sludge cholestasis stasis inflammation acalculous cholecystitis Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Wall Rupture Integrity Is Lost… |
| 11921.8b05b043..8kb03 gallbladder distended tumefactive bile crank case oil thick sludge enlarged dilated fluid fluid level gravity specific gravity sediment sludge black cholestasis stasis wall inflammation acalculous cholecystitis complicated by perforation Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Wall Rupture Focal Peritonitis Svere Local Reaction to the Vile Bile Which Has Escaped |
| 11921.8b05b043.8b05s gallbladder distended tumefactive bile crank case oil thick sludge enlarged dilated fluid fluid level gravity specific gravity sediment sludge black cholestasis stasis wall inflammation acalculous cholecystitis complicated by perforation Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Rupture with Diffuse Bile Peritonitis The Fire Spreads Like Wildfire … Vile Bile on the loose |
| 11921.8b05b046.8b05 gallbladder distended tumefactive bile crank case oil thick sludge enlarged dilated fluid fluid level gravity specific gravity sediment sludge black cholestasis stasis wall inflammation acalculous cholecystitis complicated by perforation and bile peritonitis Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Ductal Systems Calm and Colorful on a Summer Day |
| 22391 R W3 liver duodenum pancreas pancreatic duct bile duct gallbladder normal anatomy drawing Davidoff art |
Foregut Connections All Intact |
| 41774 liver bile duct gallbladder pancreas spleen splenic vein splenic artery portal vein hepatic artery fx normal anatomy drawing art Courtesy Ashley Davidoff MD Davidoff art |
Gallbladder Cancer and Stones |
| 11528b.8 gallbladder food in the body green pepper cancer carcinoma gall stones cholelithiasis Davidoff art Davidoff photography copyright |
Gallbladder and Lemon |
| 04699b14.1k gallbladder cystic duct hyperemic mucosa hyperplastic mucosa hyperplastic cholecystosis hyperplastic cholecystoses cholesterolosis adenomyomatosis Aschoff Rokitansky sinuses Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Hyperplastic Cholecystoses |
| 04699b10.1k gallbladder cystic duct hyperemic mucosa hyperplastic mucosa hyperplastic cholecystosis hyperplastic cholecystoses cholesterolosis adenomyomatosis Aschoff Rokitansky sinuses Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder at Christmas |
| 04699b11.1k gallbladder cystic duct hyperemic mucosa hyperplastic mucosa hyperplastic cholecystosis hyperplastic cholecystoses cholesterolosis adenomyomatosis Aschoff Rokitansky sinuses Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder at the Beach |
| 04699b12.1k gallbladder cystic duct hyperemic mucosa hyperplastic mucosa hyperplastic cholecystosis hyperplastic cholecystoses cholesterolosis adenomyomatosis Aschoff Rokitansky sinuses Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder at Sunrise |
| 24761b01.202.8S gallbladder night dark dusk Degas sleeping Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder at Dusk |
| 24761b01.203.8S gallbladder night dark dusk Degas sleeping Davidoff art copyright 2008 |
Gallbladder in the Winter |
| 24761b01.209.8S gallbladder winter Degas sleeping Davidoff art copyright 2008 |